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Febtian Yusvika Wahyu

(09100660041)

Land Use Planning and Climate Adaptation Planning

2009 California Climate Adaptation Strategy California’s Resource for Global Climate Change Information

Land use decisions are a central component of preparing for and minimizing climate change impacts. In order for California to succeed with its adaptation strategies, local and regional governments and planning efforts must be integral parts of the adaptation process.

Many, if not most, land use decisions in California are made at the local level and increasingly at the regional level. Decisions made by cities and counties through general plan and local planning processes direct local land uses. Given the long-range view of general plans, cities and counties should consider how a changing climate and environment will affect nearly all aspects of general plans and long-term development.

Through the implementation of Senate Bill 375 (Steinberg; Chapter 728, Statutes 2008) Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) will have greater influence on planning efforts and outcomes at the regional and local level.

Regional Transportation Plans, due to SB 375, developed through a “Sustainable Communities Strategy” will have to take into account GHG reduction measures related to land use and transportation, identify the general location of uses, residential penduduk densities, and building intensities within the region, and identify areas within the region sufficient to house all the population of the region. The state plays a role in local development patterns through the development and funding of the state transportation system, the sitting requirements for school facilities and other infrastructure projects and funding mechanisms.

Development decisions along the coast, in floodplains or at the wild land-urban interface will impact the ability of the state to adapt to climate change impacts.

Decisions related to urban forestry, the connectivity of biological reserves, and the routing of roads and other infrastructure also play a role in implementing state adaptation strategies. Local land use planning should be cognizant of the growing risks from climate change as well as the land-use related needs to implement effective adaptation strategies. To the extent local land use is coordinated with regional, state and federal adaptation strategies, impacts from climate change are likely to be minimized, and in turn have less significant effects on local communities. The long-term vision and development goals of general plans should therefore oleh address climate change as soon as possible. Coordination and consultation mechanisms need to be established or strengthened to ensure local, state, and other jurisdictions do not work at cross- purposes (see cross-jurisdictional coordination above).

In order to accurately address the vulnerability, resilience and future growth of areas prone to climate change impacts, a city or county should take three distinct steps:

First, cities and counties should use information provided by state and federal agencies about where climate change could impact the human and natural systems including risks affecting public safety and emergency response. The Cal Adapt mapping tools will offer a preliminary review of impacts by specific location. This could be used to focus local planning on areas vulnerable to climate change impacts such as floodplains, coastal areas, and fire hazard areas. Critical infrastructure such as roads, power lines, and water/wastewater pipelines that may be affected by climate change should be identified.

Second, planning organizations should recognize climate impacts that may affect federal, state or local, as these systems offer valuable recreational opportunities critical to the well being of all communities.

Third, sources of water that may be reduced by increased temperatures and decreased Sierra snowpack-dependent reservoir storage should be identified.

Once these potential areas have been identified, cities and counties should focus, when appropriate, on areas that are particularly vulnerable to climate change. Using the best available resources, local governments should note which areas can or cannot withstand changes in sea level, water use, temperature, and other climate change impacts. Areas that cannot withstand changes can be prioritized by potential safety risks, potential biological or natural impacts, or other factors. The local government should determine which areas will need the most attention to avert these risks. The 2009 California Climate Adaptation Strategy can be a valuable resource in making these determinations if effective adaptation planning tools are continually developed.

There are a number of ways to address climate change impacts. For future land use decisions, general plan amendments may be needed. Safety risks may be outlined and mitigated in a Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. To address public infrastructure, a public works plan may be needed. A climate action plan may be used to prioritize actions that are immediately needed and which actions can be implemented over time.

One tool that has been successful in helping to bring together many levels of government to look at long range planning on the regional and local scale is the California Regional Blueprints Program. Through the development of scenario-based integrated plans, regions and local governments can develop different planning scenarios that achieve a variety of objectives and goals, including GHG reduction and climate change adaptation. Further, the blueprint planning process can help identify areas vulnerable to climate change and identify ways to address those vulnerabilities in an integrated and comprehensive manner. Another tool that can regionally integrate different levels of government around climate adaptation is through the Department of Conservation’s Statewide Watershed Program.

As the state works to meet its GHG reduction goals, adapt and plan for climate change impacts, and restore the economy, the entire state, including all levels of government, non-profits, businesses, private property owners and the general population should, when appropriate, evaluate how and where critical infrastructure is developed, what types of structures are allowed to be built in certain locations, and how to best protect natural resources.

Finally, more and more infrastructure projects will need to account for climate change impacts to the project. Currently, to the extent required by CEQA Guidelines Section 15126.2, all significant state projects, including infrastructure projects, must consider the potential impacts of locating such projects in areas susceptible to hazards resulting from climate change. Section 15126.2 is currently being proposed for revision by CNRA to direct lead agencies to evaluate the impacts of locating development in areas susceptible to hazardous conditions, including hazards potentially exacerbated by climate change. Locating state projects in such areas may require additional guidance yang that in part depends on planning tools that the CAS recommendations call for.

Near-Term Actions:

a.) Revise Section 15126.2 of the CEQA guidelines to direct lead agencies to evaluate the impacts of locating development in areas susceptible to hazardous conditions, including hazards potentially exacerbated by climate change.

b.) Incorporate climate adaptation considerations into the Strategic Growth Council and Sustainable Community Strategy processes to ensure incentives are provided to communities that are most vulnerable and are preparing for climate change impacts.

Resume

Land Use Planning and Climate Adaptation Planning

2009 California Climate Adaptation Strategy California’s Resource for Global Climate Change Information

Land use decisions are a central component of preparing for and minimizing climate change impacts. Land use decisions in California are made at the local level and increasingly at the regional level and made by cities and counties through general plan and local planning processes direct local land uses. Given the long-range view of general plans, cities and counties should consider how a changing climate and environment will affect nearly all aspects of general plans and long-term development.

Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) have greater influence on planning efforts and outcomes at the regional and local level. Regional Transportation Plans developed through a Sustainable Communities Strategy and the state plays a role in local development patterns through the development and funding of the state transportation system.

Development decisions along the coast, in floodplains or at the wild land-urban interface will impact the ability of the state to adapt to climate change impacts

Decisions related to urban forestry, the connectivity of biological reserves, and the routing of roads and other infrastructure play a role in implementing state adaptation strategies. Address climate change is significant to the long-term vision and development goals of general plans. Coordination and consultation mechanisms need to be established or strengthened to ensure local, state, and other jurisdictions do not work at cross- purposes

Three steps address the vulnerability, resilience and future growth of areas prone to climate change impacts are :

First, cities and counties use information about where climate change could impact the human and natural systems including risks affecting public safety and emergency response. The Cal Adapt mapping could be used to focus local planning on areas vulnerable to climate change impacts. Critical infrastructure that may be affected by climate change should be identified.

Second, planning organizations should recognize climate impacts that may affect federal, state or local

Third, areas that cannot withstand changes can be prioritized by potential safety risks, potential biological or natural impacts. The local government should determine which areas will need the most attention to avert these risks. The 2009 California Climate Adaptation Strategy can be a valuable resource in making these determinations if effective adaptation planning tools are continually developed.

A number of ways to address climate change impacts are plan amendments and safety risks. To address public infrastructure, a public works plan may be needed. A climate action plan may be used to prioritize actions that are immediately needed and which actions can be implemented over time

The tools that has been successful in helping to bring together many levels of government to look at long range planning on the regional and local scale are the California Regional Blueprints Program and the Department of Conservation’s Statewide Watershed Program. Further, the blueprint planning process can help identify areas vulnerable to climate change and identify ways to address those vulnerabilities in an integrated and comprehensive manner

Finally, infrastructure projects will need to account for climate change impacts to the project. and locating state projects in such areas may require additional guidance that in part depends on planning tools.

Near-Term Actions:

a.) Revise Section 15126.2 of the CEQA guidelines to evaluate the impacts of locating development in areas susceptible to hazardous conditions.

b.) Incorporate climate adaptation considerations into the Strategic Growth Council and Sustainable Community Strategy processes to ensure incentives are provided to communities that are most vulnerable and are preparing for climate change impacts.

Febtian Yusvika W

(09100660041)

Passive voice

1. The window is opened by Andi

2. A new ring road is being built by them right now

3. The report will be read by the manager tomorrow

4. I was invited by my friend to his party yesterday morning

5. The packages have been delivered by us

6. Rice had been cooked by my mother before my father came

7. A new car is being driven by the driver at the moment

8. A book is going to be given to me by Rita

9. The door was being opened by Dheny when I came

10. The class of school must be cleaned by the students

11. A delicious cake has been made by the chef in the restaurant

12. The mouse was chased by two cat in my house

13. The visitors were welcome by the host

14. A letter will be sent by Rahmat to the post office

15. My brother’s house was broken by two thief last night